Engine of prosperity
chinadaily.com.cn -- Sunday, August 17, 2025, 9:25:45 PM Eastern Daylight Time
Categories: U.S.–China Relations, Economic Policy & Jobs, Trade Policy & Tariffs
The Belt and Road Initiative is consolidating its role as a driver for Eurasia's development in the face of US protectionism
The Belt and Road Initiative, launched by China in 2013, has established itself as one of the most extensive and dynamic international cooperation platforms of our time. It has blossomed into a network of physical and digital connectivity spanning Asia, Europe, Africa and Latin America.
To date, China has signed more than 200 cooperation agreements with more than 150 countries and more than 30 international organizations. The BRI has been incorporated into the final documents of major multilateral mechanisms such as the United Nations and APEC, reinforcing its legitimacy and reach. In Eurasia, its impact is particularly visible: rail corridors, ports, industrial parks and logistics platforms have shortened distances, reduced costs and opened up opportunities for more balanced development between core and peripheral regions.
One of the BRI's greatest successes has been understanding infrastructure not only as a physical investment, but also as a catalyst for economic and cultural integration. The new rail routes connecting Chongqing with Duisburg (Germany) and Yiwu with Madrid (Spain) have drastically reduced transport times between China and Europe. This has not only promoted trade in manufactured goods, but also in agricultural products, consumer goods and high-value-added items that previously could not compete with maritime transport in terms of speed.
In Central Asia, countries such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have found in the BRI a vehicle to diversify their economies, traditionally dependent on raw materials, toward light manufacturing, logistics and services. The construction of logistics parks in Khorgos in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region and Aktau in Kazakhstan has not only generated employment but also stimulated more resilient regional supply chains.
This push for connectivity and cooperation stands in sharp contrast to the current approach of the United States administration, which has intensified the use of its so-called tariff stick as an instrument of foreign and economic policy. Under this approach, Washington has resorted to unilateral tariff increases and the imposition of trade sanctions to pressure other countries and thus maximize its own economic interests, even at the cost of distorting international trade and destabilizing both global and regional value chains.
The figures are telling: the US has increased tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of imports from China, the European Union and other strategic partners. These measures are having a double negative effect: on the one hand, for US consumers, they mean higher prices for goods ranging from electronics to processed foods; and, on the other hand, for global companies, they represent greater regulatory uncertainty and the risk that investments in international supply chains will become unviable.
Protectionism is not a new phenomenon in the economic history of the US -- it already had similar, unsatisfactory expression in the 1930s with the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act. In such an interconnected world, the consequences of its protectionism are amplified exponentially. Supply chain fragmentation is causing disruptions in the delivery of critical components, higher raw material prices, and reduced predictability for cross-border investments, discouraging long-term planning.
Unlike this defensive and exclusionary US strategy, the BRI presents itself as a win-win cooperation framework. Rather than imposing barriers, it seeks to reduce physical and technical obstacles to trade through investments in infrastructure, logistics integration and regulatory harmonization. Thus, partner countries can better leverage their comparative advantages, diversify their export markets and increase their connectivity with multiple economic hubs, without depending on a single dominant partner.
By integrating with regional organizations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Eurasian Economic Union, the African Union, the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the BRI has fostered the coordination of trade and investment policies. This synergy helps reduce regulatory costs, harmonize standards and foster more fluid trade.
In Eurasia, the expansion of maritime routes open to the Global South offers inland countries -- from Mongolia to Belarus -- new options for exporting and importing without bottlenecks. This not only increases their resilience but also stimulates competition in transportation and logistics, reducing prices and improving efficiency.
For example, Eurasian rail corridors have allowed shipments between China and Europe to be delivered within 15-20 days, compared to six weeks for traditional maritime transport. This is key for industries such as automotive, electronics and fast fashion, where time-to-market is critical.
Beyond economic considerations, the BRI has fostered a steady stream of cultural, academic and tourism exchanges. Scholarship programs, cultural centers and city twinning foster mutual understanding and reduce the risk of tensions arising from mistrust or lack of contact.
In regions with historical conflicts or rivalries, cooperation on infrastructure and trade projects creates incentives to maintain stability. It's harder to break off diplomatic relations when there's a shared rail line, pipeline or port that generates tangible benefits for both sides.
In this context, the continuation of the Donald Trump administration's tariff policy, based on punitive measures and bilateral pressure negotiations, could be accelerating a reorganization of international trade. Many countries affected by the tariffs will seek to diversify partners and routes to reduce their dependence on the US, and the BRI appears to be an ideal platform for this. Its emphasis on connectivity and openness offers participants access to new markets, financing, and infrastructure, countering the restrictions imposed by US protectionism. If these trends persist, the BRI could consolidate its role as an axis of global economic integration.
The author is an economist and advisor at the Cátedra China Foundation, Spain. The author contributed this article to China Watch, a think tank powered by China Daily.
Sign Our PetitionThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has emerged as a defining feature of contemporary global trade and development, representing a robust counter-narrative to U.S. protectionism. Launched in 2013, the BRI seeks to create a vast network of infrastructure projects and economic partnerships across Eurasia, extending China’s influence while fostering economic development in participating countries. This ambitious initiative showcases how infrastructure investment can act as a catalyst for economic growth, social integration, and cultural exchange, particularly in regions traditionally marginalized in the global economy. By analyzing the BRI in the context of U.S. economic strategies and historical patterns of imperialism, we can better appreciate its potential as a transformative force for social justice and equitable development.
Historically, the U.S. has often pursued a foreign policy rooted in economic domination, using tools like trade tariffs and sanctions to enforce its will on other nations. This protectionist approach has not only strained international relations but has also inflicted significant harm on U.S. consumers, who face inflated prices due to tariffs on imported goods. The BRI, in contrast, is predicated on collaboration and mutual benefit, with China signing over 200 cooperation agreements with nations across multiple continents. Countries such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are utilizing the BRI to diversify their economies beyond raw materials, thus moving towards a more sustainable model of growth. This shift is vital, as it empowers nations to break free from the historical patterns of dependency that have long characterized their economies.
The BRI’s commitment to infrastructure development is particularly noteworthy. It recognizes that access to modern transportation and logistics can fundamentally alter the economic landscape of a region. For example, the new rail corridors connecting China to Europe not only facilitate faster trade but also promote cultural exchange and mutual understanding. This contrasts sharply with the isolationist tendencies of U.S. policy, which has led to increased tension and hostility. The development of logistics parks in locations such as Khorgos and Aktau illustrates the BRI’s role in creating resilient supply chains that benefit local economies. Such initiatives can stimulate job creation and foster a sense of community, which is essential for long-term social stability.
Moreover, the BRI’s focus on connectivity aligns with ongoing social struggles for equity and inclusion. As the initiative expands, it offers opportunities for marginalized communities to engage in the global economy, challenging the inequities that have been exacerbated by traditional forms of economic globalization. By fostering partnerships between countries, the BRI promotes a more balanced approach to international relations, moving away from the zero-sum mentality that often characterizes U.S. foreign policy. This shift is particularly relevant in the context of rising global inequality, as it provides a framework for more equitable development that can benefit a wider range of stakeholders, rather than just a select few.
In conclusion, the Belt and Road Initiative represents a significant rethinking of international economic cooperation, one that prioritizes infrastructure, collaboration, and mutual benefit over unilateral actions and protectionism. As U.S. policies strain relationships and lead to economic uncertainty, the BRI emerges as a beacon of hope for countries seeking to forge their own paths toward prosperity. The embrace of this model can serve as ammunition in discussions with those who support protectionist policies, highlighting the importance of an inclusive approach to global economic development. In a world where economic interdependence is more critical than ever, the BRI not only addresses immediate economic needs but also lays the groundwork for a more just and equitable global society.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), unveiled by China in 2013, represents a monumental shift in global economic dynamics and geopolitical strategies. As the United States grapples with the implications of protectionism and an increasingly isolated foreign policy, the BRI emerges as a counter-narrative, promoting connectivity and cooperation among diverse nations. This initiative, which has established extensive infrastructure and economic partnerships across continents, offers a stark contrast to the tariff-heavy approach adopted by the US government. In this context, it is essential to analyze the BRI not just as an economic program, but as a vehicle for fostering global collaboration and addressing the disparities that exist in international trade and investment.
Historically, the BRI draws inspiration from the ancient Silk Road, a network that fostered trade and cultural exchange between East and West. Today, however, it is not merely about trade routes; it encompasses a modern vision of economic integration that includes digital connectivity and cultural exchanges. By signing over 200 agreements with more than 150 countries, China has positioned itself as a key player in global development, particularly in regions like Eurasia, where traditional economic structures often leave countries vulnerable and dependent on a limited array of resources. The BRI's focus on infrastructure development, such as rail corridors and logistics parks, serves not only to enhance trade efficiency but also to enable these nations to diversify their economies, thereby promoting a more inclusive global economic landscape.
In stark contrast, the United States’ protectionist stance, characterized by aggressive tariffs and sanctions, illustrates a retreat from multilateralism and collaboration. The recent history of US trade policy has favored unilateral measures that prioritize short-term economic gains over the long-term stability of international relations. The imposition of tariffs on billions of dollars' worth of imports has led to increased prices for American consumers and created uncertainty for global companies. This strategy not only undermines consumer welfare but also risks destabilizing supply chains that are crucial for both domestic and international markets. The consequences of such an approach could diminish the US's influence on the world stage, as countries increasingly seek alternative partnerships that prioritize cooperation and mutual benefit.
As concerned citizens, it is imperative to engage in informed discussions about the implications of these divergent approaches to global trade. One actionable step we can take is to advocate for policies that promote international cooperation and infrastructure development both at home and abroad. Supporting initiatives that align with sustainable economic practices and equitable trade agreements can foster a more inclusive global economy. This includes advocating for investments in domestic infrastructure that not only create jobs but also enhance the country’s competitiveness on a global scale. By promoting policies that emphasize cooperation over confrontation, we can work towards a future that prioritizes collective well-being rather than unilateral advantage.
Moreover, educational outreach plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion on these matters. By educating ourselves and our communities about the BRI and its implications, we can dispel misconceptions and provide a clearer understanding of how global economic systems interact. This includes highlighting the benefits of international collaboration and the potential pitfalls of isolationist policies. Engaging in dialogue with individuals across the political spectrum can also facilitate a deeper understanding of the benefits of multilateralism and the importance of fostering relationships that prioritize shared goals and equitable development.
In conclusion, the Belt and Road Initiative represents not only a significant economic development strategy but also a broader vision for global integration and cooperation. As the United States navigates the complexities of its protectionist policies, it is crucial for us as engaged citizens to advocate for approaches that emphasize partnership, shared prosperity, and sustainable growth. By fostering informed discussions and supporting policies that align with these principles, we can contribute to a more equitable global economy that benefits all nations, while also ensuring that the voices of those most affected by economic policies are heard and considered in the decision-making process.
In light of the recent developments surrounding the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the contrasting approach taken by the U.S. administration, there are several actionable steps we can take as individuals to support a more cooperative global trade environment and advocate for sustainable economic practices. Here’s a detailed list of ideas and actions:
### What Can We Personally Do?
1. **Educate Ourselves and Others**: Understanding the implications of the BRI and U.S. trade policies is crucial. Share knowledge within your community through discussions, social media, and local events.
2. **Support Sustainable Trade Policies**: Advocate for policies that promote fair trade over protectionism. Engage with local representatives to express support for international cooperation.
3. **Participate in Global Discussions**: Join or attend forums, webinars, or workshops focused on international trade, economics, and sustainable development. Engage with experts and fellow advocates.
4. **Promote Local Economies**: Support local businesses that engage in fair trade practices and are committed to sustainable sourcing of goods.
### Exact Actions We Can Take
1. **Sign Petitions**: - **Petition for Fair Trade Policies**: Websites like Change.org or MoveOn.org often host petitions advocating for fair trade practices. Search for petitions related to trade policies that support cooperation over protectionism. - **Example Petition**: “Support Fair Trade and Multilateral Cooperation” – Check for campaigns that align with this theme.
2. **Contact Elected Officials**: - **Write to Your Representatives**: Reach out to your local and national representatives to express your views on trade policies. Here are examples of whom to contact: - **Senator Elizabeth Warren** (D-MA) - Email: senator_warren@warren.senate.gov - Mailing Address: 2400 JFK Federal Building, 15 New Sudbury Street, Boston, MA 02203 - **Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez** (D-NY) - Email: aoc@mail.house.gov - Mailing Address: 1231 A Longworth House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515
- **What to Say**: - “Dear [Representative’s Name], I am writing to express my support for international cooperation on trade issues, such as those promoted by the Belt and Road Initiative. I believe that fostering connectivity and partnership between nations can lead to sustainable economic growth and development. I urge you to advocate for fair trade policies that prioritize collaboration over protectionism.”
3. **Engage with Local NGOs**: - Support organizations focused on sustainable development and fair trade. Examples: - **Global Trade Watch**: They advocate for fair and responsible trade agreements. - Email: info@citizen.org - Mailing Address: 1600 20th St NW, Washington, DC 20009 - **Fair Trade Federation**: They promote fair trade practices and support ethical businesses.
4. **Utilize Social Media**: - Share articles, write posts, and engage in conversations about the importance of international cooperation and the benefits of initiatives like the BRI. Use hashtags related to fair trade and sustainable development to broaden your reach.
5. **Volunteer Your Time**: - Get involved with local organizations that focus on economic justice, global cooperation, or environmental sustainability. Your skills can help amplify their efforts.
6. **Attend Local Government Meetings**: - Participate in town halls or local government meetings where trade policies and economic development are discussed. Make your voice heard.
By taking these steps, individuals can play a pivotal role in advocating for a more interconnected and equitable global economy, while also pushing back against protectionist measures that may harm both domestic and international communities.