How rich is Donbas? The Ukrainian coal and mineral hub that Putin wants to end the war
economictimes.indiatimes.com -- Saturday, August 16, 2025, 8:28:53 PM Eastern Daylight Time
Categories: U.S.–Russia Relations, Foreign Policy & International Relations, Presidential Campaigns
In Alaska, Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin discussed the fate of Ukraine's Donbas region, with Trump reportedly considering Putin's proposal to freeze frontlines in exchange for Kyiv withdrawing from Donetsk and Luhansk. Zelensky has dismissed abandoning Donbas, a region rich in coal and critical minerals, control of which would give Russia a significant economic and military advantage.
The fate of Ukraine's eastern Donbas region, its coal-rich, heavily industrialised heartland, has become the core bargaining chip in talks between Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump in Alaska.
Following his summit in Alaska with Vladimir Putin, Donald Trump informed Ukraine's leader on Saturday, August 16, that Putin had proposed freezing the frontlines in other areas if Kyiv agreed to withdraw from the eastern regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, the two regions that make up the coal-rich region of Donbas, according to a source familiar with the discussions, as reported by the Jerusalem Post.
However, in his recent statements, Zelensky dismissed the notion of abandoning Donbas, the collective term for the Donetsk and Luhansk regions.
If it happens, that would give Moscow control of almost the entire Donbas, a region that has been contested since Russia's first invasion in 2014.
Donbas. short for the Donets Coal Basin, is Ukraine's industrial powerhouse, stretching across the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. It holds vast coal reserves, once fuelling much of Ukraine's energy grid and steel production.
Before the war, metallurgy and mining made the region a key driver of Ukraine's economy.
"Control of Donbas gives Russia a massive economic and military advantage," says Elina Beketova to The Independent, a fellow at the Centre for European Policy Analysis. "It's not just resources, it's a fortress line Ukraine has built up for years. If it falls, Russia can push deeper west unhindered."
According to Yaroslav Trofimov, the Chief Foreign Affairs Correspondent of The Wall Street Journal, surrendering the fortifications of northern Donbas in exchange for Putin's pinky promise not to invade for the third time would be suicidal for Ukraine, unless Trump is willing to send US troops to protect Ukraine the way they protect South Korea.
Donbas is exceptionally rich in natural resources, making it a crucial economic and strategic hub for Ukraine. According to the 2025 CIRSD report "The Mineral Wars," the Donbas and Crimea regions collectively host significant coal deposits, natural gas fields, and critical minerals.
Within months of Russia's invasion in 2022, Moscow controlled over $12.5 trillion worth of Ukrainian mineral and gas assets. Donbas alone contains more than 56 per cent of Ukraine's hard coal reserves, among the largest in the world and valued at approximately $12 trillion.
It is rich in critical minerals such as lithium (important for batteries and green technologies), tantalum, cesium, and strontium, which are essential for the green energy and defense sectors.
Beyond its mineral wealth, the Donbas also plays a pivotal role in agriculture, with its water resources sustaining farming operations across southern Ukraine and supplying Crimea, a region suffering from chronic water scarcity.
Since 2014, Russia has steadily entrenched its hold. Today, nearly 88 per cent of Donbas is occupied by Moscow's forces, including almost all of Luhansk and three-quarters of Donetsk. Ukraine still holds about 6,600 sq km of territory, but fierce Russian offensives continue around cities like Pokrovsk.
The war has devastated Donbas's coal industry. In 2014 alone, production dropped by more than 22 per cent compared with the previous year.
Yet the region remains central to Moscow's ambitions, not only for its economic output but also for its geography. Defensive lines in Donetsk have long blocked Russia's advance into central Ukraine.
Sign Our PetitionThe ongoing conflict in Ukraine, particularly in the Donbas region, starkly highlights the intersection of geopolitics, economic interests, and historical grievances. The Donbas, comprising Donetsk and Luhansk, has long been a symbol of industrial might, but also a battleground for greater geopolitical contests. As discussions between world leaders, notably Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin, unfold around potential territorial compromises, it is vital to recognize how the region’s wealth in coal and minerals serves as a crucial bargaining chip, not just for military strategy, but also for broader economic control.
Historically, the Donbas has been the heart of Ukraine’s industrial capabilities, generating significant portions of the country’s energy and steel production. This industrialization, which began in the late 19th century, built a diverse economy that was heavily reliant on coal mining and metallurgy. The Soviet era further entrenched this reliance, as the region was developed to support the USSR's industrial ambitions. However, the transition to independence in the early 1990s brought with it economic challenges, including the need for modernization and the integration of environmental considerations into resource extraction. The current conflict has exacerbated these historical struggles, as local communities grapple with the consequences of war on their livelihoods and environment.
The proposal for a ceasefire in exchange for territorial concessions raises significant ethical and strategic questions. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s firm rejection of abandoning Donbas underscores the necessity of sovereignty and self-determination in the face of external aggression. The region's rich reserves, which include not only coal but also critical minerals essential for emerging technologies, further complicate any negotiations. Surrendering such resources would not only mean a loss of economic power for Ukraine but also a potential setback in the global shift toward sustainable energy. For instance, lithium, crucial for battery production, has become increasingly important in the context of climate change and the transition to renewable energy sources. Thus, the stakes are not just about military control; they are about future economic viability and environmental sustainability.
Moreover, the historical context of Russian-Ukrainian relations cannot be overlooked. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia has exhibited a pattern of interventionism in former Soviet states, driven by a desire to reassert its influence and control over resources. The annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the war in Donbas are manifestations of this broader strategy. The international community, particularly Western nations, has often responded with sanctions and political condemnation, yet the effectiveness of such measures remains debatable. The proposal from Trump and Putin to negotiate the fate of Donbas raises concerns about the West’s commitment to defending Ukrainian sovereignty and democracy, and whether such negotiations can be taken at face value, especially given Russia’s track record of broken promises.
In light of these developments, local and global movements advocating for human rights and social justice must remain vigilant. The potential loss of Donbas would not just signify a territorial defeat for Ukraine; it would resonate deeply within the fabric of Ukrainian identity and the rights of its people. The voices of those living in the Donbas—workers, families, and communities—must be at the forefront of any discussions regarding their future. The ongoing conflict has already resulted in significant displacement and suffering, and any negotiations that overlook the lived experiences of these individuals risk perpetuating cycles of injustice and marginalization.
Ultimately, the situation in Donbas serves as a poignant reminder of the complexities of modern warfare, where economic interests intertwine with national identity and historical grievances. It is crucial for advocates of justice and peace to approach these discussions not just from a geopolitical standpoint, but with an understanding of the human cost involved. As we engage with opposing viewpoints, the focus should remain on solidarity, the importance of self-determination, and the need for international mechanisms that prioritize the voices and rights of the affected populations over mere strategic calculations. The fate of Donbas should not be a pawn in a greater geopolitical game but should instead be a matter of profound concern for all who value justice, democracy, and human dignity.
The ongoing conflict in Ukraine, especially concerning the Donbas region, has deep historical and geopolitical roots, which are coming to a head in current discussions involving figures like Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin. The Donbas, comprised of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, is not only a coal and mineral hub but also represents a strategic linchpin in the broader geopolitical contest between Western democracy and authoritarianism. Understanding the significance of the region requires us to look beyond the immediate military implications and into the long-term economic and political ramifications of territorial control and resource ownership. The ramifications of these discussions extend beyond Ukraine's borders, impacting global energy markets, international alliances, and the future of democratic governance in Eastern Europe.
Historically, the Donbas has been a critical center of industry, contributing significantly to Ukraine's economy through its coal and metallurgy sectors. Before the war, it was a vibrant area that fueled much of Ukraine's energy needs and industrial output. The annexation of Crimea in 2014 by Russia was the first step in a larger strategy to destabilize Ukraine, and the ongoing conflict in Donbas has further entrenched that destabilization. As noted in the article, the economic stakes are immense. Losing control of the Donbas would not only diminish Ukraine's economic prospects but also enhance Russia's military capabilities. This is a poignant reminder of how resource-rich regions are often the focus of geopolitical strife, and how economic interests can dictate the course of conflicts.
In the context of the recent discussions between Trump and Putin, the suggestion to freeze frontlines in exchange for Ukrainian withdrawal from Donetsk and Luhansk raises alarm bells about the willingness of some Western leaders to negotiate away the sovereignty of a nation for perceived stability. President Zelensky's rejection of such proposals is commendable and underscores the importance of national sovereignty in the face of external aggression. It is crucial for Americans and other global citizens to recognize that the integrity of Ukraine is not merely a regional issue but a test case for the resilience of democratic values against authoritarian encroachment.
For Americans seeking to engage with this topic and challenge the narratives presented by those who may support appeasement strategies, there are several actions we can take. First, prioritizing awareness and education around the implications of the Donbas conflict is essential. This includes understanding the historical context and the current geopolitical stakes involved. Hosting community discussions, workshops, or forums can help disseminate this information, fostering a well-informed public that can engage in meaningful dialogue with those who hold differing views.
Moreover, advocating for robust support for Ukraine, in the form of military aid and economic assistance, is crucial. This can be done through contacting representatives, participating in rallies, and supporting organizations that are committed to upholding democratic values and human rights in Ukraine. We must also emphasize the importance of international alliances, as the collective strength of NATO and the EU plays a vital role in countering Russian aggression. Engaging in these discussions helps to paint a fuller picture, illustrating that the stakes involved in Ukraine's struggle are not just about one country but about the global order and the principles of democracy, freedom, and self-determination.
Lastly, it’s essential to advocate for a coherent and sustained U.S. foreign policy that aligns with democratic values rather than transactional diplomacy. The lesson drawn from Ukraine's struggles should serve as a clarion call for Americans to push back against any narrative that seeks to undermine the sovereignty of nations in favor of short-term political gain. The fate of Donbas is a microcosm of the larger battle against authoritarianism and a reminder that the fight for democracy is ongoing and requires active participation from all of us. By fostering informed discussions and advocating for principled policies, we can contribute to a stronger stance against any efforts to compromise the sovereignty of nations like Ukraine.
The situation in the Donbas region is a complex geopolitical issue that has profound implications not only for Ukraine but also for global energy security and environmental sustainability. As concerned individuals, there are several concrete actions we can take to advocate for peace, support Ukraine's sovereignty, and promote energy justice. Here are some detailed ideas:
### What Can We Personally Do About This?
1. **Educate and Raise Awareness:** - Organize or attend community discussions or webinars about the situation in Ukraine, focusing on the significance of the Donbas region. - Share educational materials on social media platforms to inform others about the resources in Donbas and the geopolitical implications of control over this region.
2. **Support Ukrainian Solidarity Movements:** - Engage with local or online groups that are working to support Ukraine, whether through fundraising, advocacy, or educational outreach. - Consider donating to organizations that provide humanitarian aid to those affected by the conflict, such as Razom for Ukraine (https://razomforukraine.org/).
3. **Advocate for Policy Change:** - Write to your elected representatives urging them to support policies that aid Ukraine and oppose any agreements that would undermine its sovereignty. - Engage in activism that advocates for a peaceful resolution to the conflict and a commitment to support Ukraine's territorial integrity.
### What Exact Actions Can We Personally Take?
1. **Petition Signatures:** - Start or sign petitions that urge the U.S. government to provide military aid and diplomatic support to Ukraine. Websites like Change.org or MoveOn.org often have relevant petitions. - Example petition: "Support Ukraine's Territorial Integrity." You can find one at Change.org.
2. **Contact Elected Officials:** - **Senator Dick Durbin (Chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee)** - Email: durbin.senate.gov/contact - Mailing Address: 230 S. Dearborn St., Suite 3900, Chicago, IL 60604 - **Representative Mike Quigley (IL-05)** - Email: quigley.house.gov/contact - Mailing Address: 1001 W. Armitage Ave., Suite 200, Chicago, IL 60614
When writing to them, you can say: - "Dear [Senator/Representative], I urge you to take a strong stance in support of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Any agreements that would relinquish control over the Donbas region would be detrimental not only to Ukraine but to global democratic principles. Please advocate for continued support for Ukraine and ensure that the U.S. government stands firm against aggression."
3. **Join Protests and Rallies:** - Look for local events organized by peace or solidarity groups that focus on Ukraine. Join these events to show your support and amplify the message of solidarity with the Ukrainian people.
4. **Engage with Local Media:** - Write letters to the editor of local newspapers expressing your views on the importance of supporting Ukraine and maintaining its territorial integrity. Share facts about the economic significance of Donbas and the implications of losing it.
5. **Connect with NGOs:** - Collaborate with organizations like the International Crisis Group or Amnesty International, which often focus on conflict resolution and human rights. Inquire about ways to volunteer or support their initiatives regarding Ukraine.
6. **Promote Renewable Energy Solutions:** - Advocate for policies that promote renewable energy sources both domestically and internationally as a means to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, particularly from regions embroiled in conflict.
### Conclusion
Individual actions, whether through education, advocacy, or direct support, can collectively contribute to a broader movement for peace and justice regarding the situation in Donbas and Ukraine. By engaging in these actions, we can take a stand for human rights, economic stability, and the rule of law in international relations.